Wiki source code of Tradition
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| 1 | The tradition of a work is made up of the [[texts>>doc:stemmatology.Text.WebHome]] in which this [[work>>doc:stemmatology.Work.WebHome]] has been transmitted, as attested by its [[witnesses>>doc:stemmatology.Witness.WebHome]]. The tradition is said to be 'direct' if the witnesses are 'direct', i.e. if they are assumed to be [[copies >>doc:stemmatology.Copy.WebHome]](manuscripts) or prints (//editio princeps//, incunabula) of the work itself. Part of the tradition can be '[[indirect>>doc:stemmatology.Tradition, indirect.WebHome]]', consisting of indirect witnesses, i.e. excerpts or citations from the work in other works or translations of the work into another language. | ||
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| 3 | Several other distinctions have been proposed with respect to (% class="confluence-link" %)traditions(%%). A long-standing one is the distinction introduced by [[Giorgio Pasquali>>doc:stemmatology.Pasquali, Giorgio.WebHome]] (1952) between //vertical// and //horizontal// [[transmission>>doc:stemmatology.Transmission.WebHome]], i.e. uncontaminated vs. contaminated transmission (cf. [[contamination>>doc:stemmatology.Contamination.WebHome]]). Alberto Vàrvaro (2004; originally 1970, 574(% style="color: rgb(0,0,0);" %)–(%%)587) proposed to distinguish between //active// and //quiescent// traditions (//tradizione attiva// and //tradizione quiescente//, cf. [[redaction>>doc:stemmatology.Redaction.WebHome]]): in the former, the copyist is supposed to play an "active" role in modifying the text while copying it; in the latter, the act of copying is considered more passive and therefore only few and unintentional innovations happen to be introduced. With respect to the medium of transmission, a distinction is often drawn between //oral// and //written// (and even mixed) traditions, cf. [[media transmitting texts>>doc:stemmatology.Media transmitting texts.WebHome]]. | ||
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| 5 | (% style="color: rgb(0,0,0);" %)Some scholars (like Zumthor, 73ff.) would like to draw a distinction between a //manuscript tradition// and a //textual tradition//, in the sense that a manuscript tradition is the sequence of physical copies of the work being made, while a textual tradition is the sequence of texts that are vehicles for the work. | ||
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| 7 | (% style="color: rgb(0,0,0);" %)The development of textual/manuscript traditions is sometimes studied by artificially creating such traditions (see [[artificial textual traditions>>doc:stemmatology.Tradition, artificial.WebHome]]). | ||
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| 9 | (% style="color: rgb(0,0,0);" %)Martin West (1973, 53) uses to term //paradosis// in a similar meaning. He defines it as: “the data furnished by the [[transmission>>doc:stemmatology.Transmission.WebHome]], reduced to essentials.” I.e., //paradosis// are the different features that occur in the text due to its transmission history. The Greek word παράδοσις means 'tradition'. | ||
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| 11 | ==== (% style="color: rgb(0,0,0);" %)References(%%) ==== | ||
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| 13 | (% style="color: rgb(0,0,0);" %)– Hunger, Herbert. 1961(% style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0)" %)–(% style="color: rgb(0,0,0);" %)1964. (% style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0)" %)//Geschichte der Textüberlieferung.// 2 vols. Zürich: Atlantis. | ||
| 14 | (% style="color: rgb(0,0,0);" %)– Pasquali, Giorgio. 1952. //Storia della tradizione e critica del testo//. 2nd ed. Firenze: Le Monnier. – 1st ed., Firenze: Le Monnier, 1934.(%%) | ||
| 15 | (% style="color: rgb(0,0,0);" %)– Vàrvaro, Alberto. 2004. “Critica dei testi classica e romanza: Problemi comuni ed esperienze diverse.” In Alberto Vàrvaro, //Identità linguistiche e letterarie nell’Europa romanza//, 567–612. Roma: Salerno editrice. – Originally published in 1970.(%%) | ||
| 16 | (% style="color: rgb(0,0,0);" %)– West, Martin L. 1973. //Textual Criticism and Editorial Technique Applicable to Greek and Latin Texts. //Stuttgart: Teubner. (%%) | ||
| 17 | (% style="color: rgb(0,0,0);" %)– Zumthor, Paul. 1972. //Essai de poétique médiévale.// Paris: Editions du Seuil. | ||
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| 19 | ==== In other languages ==== | ||
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| 21 | DE: Tradition | ||
| 22 | FR: tradition | ||
| 23 | IT: tradizione | ||
| 24 | \\, MB, TH, PR[[OH, CM>>doc:stemmatology.Parvum lexicon stemmatologicum.Contributors.WebHome]] |