Toimijakuvailun translitterointiohje
27.10.2026 TRANSLITTEROINTITAULUKOT OVAT VAHINGOSSA RIKKOUTUNEET ALUSTAN VIIMEISIMMÄN PÄIVITYKSEN YHTEYDESSÄ. PYRIMME KORJAAMAAN ONGELMAN MAHDOLLISIMMAN PIAN. PAHOITTELEMME HÄIRIÖTÄ.
Kansalliskirjasto, 21.1.2019
(päivitetty 22.6.2023)
Yleiset periaatteet
RDA: Henkilön ensisijainen nimi - Henkilön nimi muulla kuin ensisijaisesti käytettävällä kirjoitusjärjestelmällä
Yhteisön ensisijainen nimi - Yhteisön nimi muulla kuin ensisijaisesti käytettävällä kirjoitusjärjestelmällä
Jos nimi esiintyy manifestaatioissa ainoastaan translitteroidussa muodossa, valitaan tämä muoto ensisijaiseksi nimeksi. Jos nimen translitterointi vaihtelee, valitaan muoto, joka esiintyy useimmin suomenkielisissä tiedonlähteissä.
Jos nimi esiintyy manifestaatioissa jollakin muulla kuin latinalaisella kirjoitusjärjestelmällä, nimi translitteroidaan tai transkriboidaan sovitun standardin mukaisesti. Toimijoiden kuvailussa suositellaan käytettäväksi kansallista translitterointitapaa, aina kun mahdollista. Kansallisia siirtokirjoitusstandardeja ovat mm. venäjän, ukrainan, kreikan tai heprean kielissä.
Jos manifestaatioissa ei ole valmista siirtokirjoitusta tai manifestaatioissa esiintyvä siirtokirjoitus todetaan virheelliseksi, käytetään seuraavia kansallisia standardeja:
- SFS 4900 Kyrillisten kirjainten translitterointi, slaavilaiset kielet (1998)
- SFS 5755 Arabian kielen translitteraatio (1993)
- SFS 5807 Kreikan kielen kansallinen translitteraatio ja transkriptio (2008)
- SFS 5824 Heprealaisen kirjaimiston translitteraatio (1998)
Jos kansallisia standardeja ei ole, käytetään kansainvälisiä ISO-standardeja.
Transkriptio tarkoittaa kirjoituksen muuntamista kirjoitusjärjestelmästä toiseen huomioimalla sanojen ääntämistä.
Translitteraatio/translitterointi tarkoittaa puolestaan kirjoituksen muuntamista kirjoitusjärjestelmästä toiseen kirjain kirjaimelta jonkin kaavan mukaan.
Sisältö:
Venäjä ja muut kyrillisin kirjaimin kirjoitetut kielet
Kreikan kielen transkriptio-ohje
Kiinan- ja japaninkielisten nimien transkribointi
Venäjä ja muut kyrillisin kirjaimin kirjoitetut kielet
Kyrillisin kirjaimin kirjoitetut nimet translitteroidaan kansallisen standardin mukaan. Kansainvälisen ISO-standardin mukaiset muodot merkitään varianttinimiksi.
Venäjän kielen translitterointiohje:
~~~(% class="auto-cursor-target" %)~~\~~\~~~(% class="relative-table wrapped" style="width: 97.362%;" %)|~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Kyrillinen kirjain~~*~~*~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Kansallinen standardi SFS 4900~~*~~*~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Esimerkkejä~~*~~*~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*ISO 9~~*~~*~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)А а~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)a~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*А~~*~~*лексей – ~~*~~*A~~*~~*leksei~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)a~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)Б б~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)b~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Б~~*~~*улгаков – ~~*~~*B~~*~~*ulgakov~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)b~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)В в~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)v~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*В~~*~~*е́ра – ~~*~~*V~~*~~*era~~*~~*В~~*~~*асилье~~*~~*в~~*~~* – ~~*~~*V~~*~~*asilje~~*~~*v~~*~~*~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)v~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)Г г~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)g~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Г~~*~~*а~~*~~*г~~*~~*а́рин – ~~*~~*G~~*~~*a~~*~~*g~~*~~*arin~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)g~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)Д д~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)d~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Д~~*~~*ми́трий – ~~*~~*D~~*~~*mitriФё~~*~~*д~~*~~*ор – Fjo~~*~~*d~~*~~*or~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)d~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% rowspan="2" %)~~~(% rowspan="2" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)Е е~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(e (konsonantin jälkeen~~)~~)~~))|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" rowspan="2" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" rowspan="2" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Е~~*~~*кат~~*~~*е~~*~~*рина – ~~*~~*Je~~*~~*kat~~*~~*e~~*~~*rinaЛ~~*~~*е~~*~~*онт~~*~~*ье~~*~~*ва~~/~~/ – ~~/~~/L~~*~~*e~~*~~*ont~~*~~*je~~*~~*va~~/~~/~~/~~/Андр~~*~~*ее~~*~~*вна~~*~~* ~~*~~*– Andre~~*~~*je~~*~~*vna ~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% rowspan="2" %)~~~(% rowspan="2" %)~~(~~(~~(e~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(je (sanan alussa, vokaalin ja myös merkkien ь ja ъ jälk.~~)~~)~~))|~~~(% rowspan="2" %)~~~(% rowspan="2" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)Ё ё*~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(jo~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(Рубл~~*~~*ё~~*~~*в~~/~~/ – ~~/~~/Rubl~~*~~*jo~~*~~*v ~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% rowspan="2" %)~~~(% rowspan="2" %)~~(~~(~~(ë~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(o (kirjainten ж, ч, ш ja щ jälkeen~~)~~)~~))|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(Горбач~~*~~*ё~~*~~*в~~/~~/ – ~~/~~/Gorbatš~~*~~*o~~*~~*v~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Ж ж~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)ž~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(Даргомы~~*~~*ж~~*~~*ский~~/~~/ ~~/~~/– Dargomy~~*~~*ž~~*~~*ski~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(ž~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)З з~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)z~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*З~~*~~*еле́нский – ~~*~~*Z~~*~~*elenski~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(z~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% rowspan="2" %)~~~(% rowspan="2" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)И и~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)i~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)~~*~~*И~~*~~*ва́нов – ~~*~~*I~~*~~*vanov~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% rowspan="2" %)~~~(% rowspan="2" %)~~(~~(~~(i~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)ji (kirjaimen ь jälkeen sanan sisällä~~)~~)~~))|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~~(% class="Default" %)Иль~~*~~*и́~~*~~*н – Il~~*~~*ji~~*~~*n~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Й й~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(i (sanan lopussa), j (sanan alussa~~)~~)~~))|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(Толсто~~*~~*й~~*~~* – Tolsto~~*~~*i~~*~~*~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(j~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(ий~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(i (sanan lopussa), ij (sanan sisällä~~)~~)~~))|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(Хворосто́вск~~*~~*ий~~*~~* – Hvorostovski~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(ij~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(eй~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(ei~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(Серг~~*~~*ей~~*~~*~~/~~/ – ~~/~~/Sergei~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(ej~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(К к~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(k~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*К~~*~~*азимир – ~~*~~*K~~*~~*azimir~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(k~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Л л~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(l~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Л~~*~~*авренёв – ~~*~~*L~~*~~*avrenjov~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(l~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(М м~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(m~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*М~~*~~*акси~~*~~*м~~*~~* – ~~*~~*M~~*~~*aksi~~*~~*m~~*~~*~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(m~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Н н~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(n~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Н~~*~~*адежда – ~~*~~*N~~*~~*adežda~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(n~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(О о~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(o~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(Т~~*~~*о~~*~~*лстой – T~~*~~*o~~*~~*lstoi~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(o~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(П п~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(p~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*П~~*~~*астернак – ~~*~~*P~~*~~*asternak~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(p~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Р р~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(r~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Р~~*~~*ахманинов – ~~*~~*R~~*~~*ahmaninov~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(r~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(С с~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(s~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*С~~*~~*еверинович – ~~*~~*S~~*~~*everinovitš~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(s~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Т т~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(t~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Т~~*~~*олоконникова – ~~*~~*T~~*~~*olokonnikova~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(t~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(У у~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(u~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(Расп~~*~~*у~~*~~*тин – Rasp~~*~~*u~~*~~*tinБ~~*~~*у~~*~~*лгаков – B~~*~~*u~~*~~*lgakov~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(u~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Ф ф~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(f~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Ф~~*~~*илонов – ~~*~~*F~~*~~*ilonov~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(f~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Х х~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(h~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Х~~*~~*армс – ~~*~~*H~~*~~*armsА~~*~~*х~~*~~*матова – A~~*~~*h~~*~~*matova~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(h~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Ц ц~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(ts~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(Кузне~~*~~*ц~~*~~*о́в – Kuzne~~*~~*ts~~*~~*ov~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(c~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Ч ч~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(tš~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Ч~~*~~*айко́вский – ~~*~~*Tš~~*~~*aikovski~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(č~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Ш ш~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(š~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Ш~~*~~*остако́вич – ~~*~~*Š~~*~~*ostakovitš~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(š~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Щ щ~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(štš~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(Ради́~~*~~*щ~~*~~*ев – Radi~~*~~*štš~~*~~*ev~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(ŝ~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Ы ы~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(y~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(Высоцкий – Vysotski~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(y~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Э э~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(e~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Э~~*~~*рнст – ~~*~~*E~~*~~*rnst~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(è~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Ю ю~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(ju~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Ю~~*~~*рий – ~~*~~*J~~*~~*uriБир~~*~~*ю~~*~~*ко́в – Bir~~*~~*ju~~*~~*kov~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(û~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Я я~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(ja~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(~~*~~*Я~~*~~*ру́ллин – ~~*~~*Ja~~*~~*rullinСкр~~*~~*я́~~*~~*бин – Skr~~*~~*ja~~*~~*bin~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(â~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Ъ ъ~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" colspan="2" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" colspan="2" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(kova merkki, jätetään merkitsemättä, voi vaikuttaa muiden kirjainten merkitsemiseen~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(ʺ tai ”~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(Ь ь~~)~~)~~)|~~~(% class="highlight-green" colspan="2" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~~(% class="highlight-green" colspan="2" data-highlight-colour="green" %)~~(~~(~~(pehmeä merkki, jätetään merkitsemättä (Афанас~~*~~*ь~~*~~*евич – Afanasjevitš), voi vaikuttaa muiden kirjainten merkitsemiseen~~)~~)~~)|~~(~~(~~(ʹ tai ' tai ’~~)~~)~~)~~~~* Venäjänkielisessä tekstissä ё-kirjain on usein korvattu е:llä (esim. ~~/~~/Горбачев~~/~~/, eikä Горбачёв), joten е-kirjaimen oikea translitterointi pitää tarkistaa tapauskohtaisesti.
Venäjän vanha ortografia (ennen 1917) ja lainasanat:
(% class="auto-cursor-target" %)\\(% class="relative-table wrapped" style="width: 97.2395%;" %)|(((**Kirjain**)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((**Kansallinen standardi SFS 4900**)))|(((**ISO 9**)))|((((% class="content-wrapper" %)(((ѣ [[image:url:https://www.kiwi.fi/download/attachments/107188421/image2019-1-19%2015%3A45%3A32.png?version=1&modificationDate=1547905532618&api=v2]]))))))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((e (konsonantin jäljessä), je (sanan alussa sekä vokaalin ja myös ь:n ja ъ:n jäljessä))))|(((ě)))|((((% class="content-wrapper" %)(((i [[image:url:https://www.kiwi.fi/download/attachments/107188421/image2019-1-19%2015%3A45%3A39.png?version=1&modificationDate=1547905540192&api=v2]]))))))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)((
))|(((ì)))|((((% class="content-wrapper" %)(((ѳ [[image:url:https://www.kiwi.fi/download/attachments/107188421/image2019-1-19%2015%3A45%3A46.png?version=1&modificationDate=1547905546952&api=v2]]))))))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((f)))|(((f̀)))|((((% class="content-wrapper" %)(((ѵ [[image:url:https://www.kiwi.fi/download/attachments/107188421/image2019-1-19%2015%3A45%3A51.png?version=1&modificationDate=1547905552266&api=v2]] [[image:url:https://www.kiwi.fi/download/attachments/107188421/image2019-1-19%2015%3A45%3A58.png?version=1&modificationDate=1547905558821&api=v2]]))))))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)((
))|(((ỳ)))(% class="auto-cursor-target" %)\\
ks. myös: https://www.kirjastot.fi/sites/default/files/content/Kyrilliset.pdf
Translitterointi ruotsin kielellä poikkeaa jonkin verran suomalaisesta, erityisesti suhuäänteiden kohdalla (š = sj, tš = tj, štš = sjtj, ž = zj). Lisäksi h translitteroidaan ch:llä ja й useimmiten j:llä, paitsi kirjainten s, t ja z jälkeen i:llä.
Kyrillitsaa käyttävät esimerkiksi:
- muut slaavilaiset kielet: ukraina, valkovenäjä, bulgaria, makedonia, (serbia), muinaiskirkkoslaavi
- suomalais-ugrilaiset ja uralilaiset kielet: komi, udmurtti, nenetsi, hanti, mansi jne.
- turkkilaiset kielet: kazakki, kirgiisi, (tataari) jne.
- mongoliset kielet: burjaatti, kalmukki, mongoli.
- lisäksi luoteiskaukasialaisia (esim. abhaasi), pohjoiskaukasialaisia (esim. tšetšeeni) ja dagestanilaisia kieliä.
Kansallinen kaava soveltuu myös muiden slaavilaisten kielten translitterointiin, mutta se edellyttää täydentäviin ohjeisiin tutustumista.
Poikkeuksia bulgarian translitterointiin:
(% class="auto-cursor-target" %)\\(% class="relative-table wrapped" style="width: 94.6066%;" %)|(((**Kirjain**)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((**Kansallinen standardi SFS 4900**)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((**Esimerkkejä**)))|(((**ISO 9**)))|(((Е е)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((e)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Елена – Elena)))|(((e)))|(((И и)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)((
))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Ихтиман – Ihtiman)))|((
))|(% rowspan="2" %)(% rowspan="2" %)(((Й й)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((j (sanan alussa ja kirjaimen и jälkeen))))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Стамболийски, Йордан – Stambolijski, Jordan)))|(% rowspan="2" %)(% rowspan="2" %)(((j)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((i (muualla kuin sanan alussa ja kirjaimen и jälkeen))))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Ивайловград – Ivailovgrad)))|(((Щ щ)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((št)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Свищов – Svištov)))|(((ŝ)))|(% rowspan="2" %)(% rowspan="2" %)(((Ъ ъ)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((ă (muualla kuin sanan lopussa))))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Гълъбово – Gălăbovo)))|(((“)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((- (sanan lopussa))))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((\\)))|(((\\)))|(((Ь ь)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((j)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Пирьов – Pirjov)))|(((`)))(% class="auto-cursor-target" %)\\
Poikkeuksia ukrainan translitterointiin:
(% class="auto-cursor-target" %)\\(% class="relative-table wrapped" style="width: 94.5454%;" %)|(((**Kirjain**)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((**Kansallinen standardi SFS 4900**)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((**Esimerkkejä**)))|(((**ISO 9**)))|((((% class="Default" %)Е е)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((e)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Енергодар – Enerhodar)))|(((e)))|(((Є є)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((je)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Євген – Jevhen)))|(((ê)))|(((И и)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)((
))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Винники – Vynnyky)))|((
))|(((Ї ї)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((ji)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Ізмаїл – Izmajil, Їжакевич – Jižakevytš)))|(((ї)))|(% rowspan="3" %)(% rowspan="3" %)(((Й й)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((j (sanan alussa tai sisällä kirjaimen і jälkeen))))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Красноармійськ – Krasnoarmijsk)))|(% rowspan="2" %)(% rowspan="2" %)(((j\\)))|(% class="highlight-green" colspan="2" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" colspan="2" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((- (sanan lopussa kirjaimen і jälkeen й jätetään merkitsemättä))))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((i (muun vokaalin jälkeen))))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Крижанівський – Kryžanivskyi)))|((
))|(((Х х)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((h’)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Христинівка – H’rystynivka)))|(((h)))|(((г)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((h)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Гребінка – Hrebinka)))|(((g)))|(((ь)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((jätetään merkitsemättä)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Львів – Lviv)))|(((‘)))|(((’)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((jätetään merkitsemättä)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Слов'янськ – Slovjansk)))|(((’)))|(((ґ)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((g)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((\\)))|(((\\)))(% class="auto-cursor-target" %)\\
Poikkeuksia makedonian ja serbian* translitterointiin:
*serbia kirjoitetaan sekä latinalaisella että kyrillisellä kirjaimilla(% class="relative-table wrapped" style="width: 94.6678%;" %)|(((**Kirjain**)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((**Kansallinen standardi SFS 4900**)))|(((**ISO 9**)))|(((ҕ)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((Đ, đ (serbia))))|(((đ)))|(((ѓ)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((g’ (makedonia))))|(((ǵ)))|(((e)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((e)))|(((\\)))|(((s)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((dz (makedonia))))|(((\\)))|(((j)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((j)))|(((ǰ)))|(((љ)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((lj)))|(((l̂)))|(((њ)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((nj)))|(((n̂)))|(((һ)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((ć (serbia))))|(((ḥ?)))|(((ќ)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((k’ (makedonia))))|(((ḱ)))|(((ц)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((c)))|(((c)))|(((ч)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((č)))|(((č)))|(((џ)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((dž)))|(((d̂)))|(((’)))|(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(% class="highlight-green" data-highlight-colour="green" %)(((jätetään merkitsemättä (makedonia))))|(((\\)))(% class="auto-cursor-target" %)\\
Katso myös: http://jkorpela.fi/iso9.html8#tav
Kreikan kielen transkriptio-ohje
Toimijakuvailupalvelu suosittaa suomalaisen standardin mukaista transkriptiota kreikankielisten henkilöiden ja yhteisöjen nimissä (ks. SFS 5807 Kreikan kielen kansallinen translitteraatio ja transkriptio, 2008), vaikka Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus suosittelee (erityisesti paikannimissä) käytettäväksi YK:n suosittamaa transkriptiotapaa (ELOT 743). Syynä on erityisesti yleisissä kirjastoissa jo vakiintuneeksi muodostunut tapa. ELOT-latinaistuksesta enemmän Kotuksen sivuilla (ks. muuntotaulukko). ELOTin mukaisia latinaistettuja muotoja voi merkitä varianttinimiksi, kuten myös muita kansainvälisten standardien mukaisia muotoja.
Kreikan kielen ohje
Taulukkoon on kerätty esimerkkejä toimijoiden nimistä. Joidenkin kirjainten tai kirjainyhdistelmien kohdalla on useita esimerkkejä, toisinaan esimerkki puuttuu.(% class="relative-table wrapped" style="width: 95.4638%;" %)|(((**Kreikan kirjain tai kirjainyhdistelmä**)))|(((**Transkriptio SFS 5807**)))|(((**Esimerkkejä**)))|(((Α α)))|(((a)))|(((Γιάννης Πάριος – Jánnis Pários)))|(((AΗ, αη)))|(((ai)))|(((Δημήτρης Παπαμιχαήλ – Dimítris Papamihaíl)))|(((AI, αι)))|(((e)))|(((Καικιλία – Kekilía)))|(((AÏ, αï)))|(((ai)))|(((\\)))|(% rowspan="2" %)(% rowspan="2" %)(((AΥ, αυ)))|(((av (konsonanttien //β, γ, δ, ζ, λ, μ, ν, ρ// ja kaikkien vokaalien edellä))))|(((Αύγουστος – Ávgustos)))|(((af (konsonanttien θ///θ//, //κ, ξ, π, σ, τ, ф, χ, ψ //edellä ja sanan lopussa))))|(((\\)))|(((AŸ, αϋ)))|(((ai)))|(((\\)))|(((Β β)))|(((v)))|(((Βαμβακάρης – Vamvakáris)))|(% rowspan="2" %)(% rowspan="2" %)(((Γ γ)))|(((g (konsonanttien edellä, vokaalien //ε, αι, η, ι, υ, ει// ja //οι// edellä ja kirjainparin //ου// edellä))))|(((Παπάζογλου – Papázoglu)))|(((j (vokaalien //α, ο ja ω// sekä vokaalikaksoisäänteen eli digrafin //ου// edellä))))|(((Γαρμπή – Jarbí, Γενίτσαρης – Jenítsaris)))|(((ΓΓ, γγ)))|(((ng (sanan keskellä))))|(((Βαγγέλης – Vangélis)))|(((ΓI, γι)))|(((j)))|(((Γιάννης – Jánnis)))|(% rowspan="2" %)(% rowspan="2" %)(((ΓΚ, γκ)))|(((ng (sanan keskellä))))|(((Πάπας Φραγκίσκος – Pápas Frangískos)))|(((g (sanan alussa))))|(((Γκοντουάτζε – Goduádze)))|(((ΓX, γχ)))|(((ngh)))|(((\\)))|(((ΓΞ, γξ)))|(((nks)))|(((\\)))|(((Δ δ)))|(((d)))|(((Διονύσιος – Dionísios, Φρυδά – Fridá)))|(((Ε ε)))|(((e)))|(((Ελευθέριος – Elefthérios )))|(((EI, ει)))|((
))|(((Βασιλείου – Vasilíu)))|(((EΪ, εï)))|(((ei)))|(((\\)))|(% rowspan="2" %)(% rowspan="2" %)(((EΥ, ευ)))|(((**ev** (konsonanttien //β//, //γ//, //δ//, //ζ//, //λ//, //μ//, //ν//, //ρ// ja kaikkien vokaalien edellä))))|(((A. Ζευν – A. Zev)))|(((**ef** (konsonanttien θ///θ, κ, ξ, π, σ, τ, ф, χ, ψ// edellä ja sanan lopussa))))|(((Ελευθέριος – Elefthérios)))|(((Ζ ζ)))|(((z)))|(((Βενιζέλος – Venizélos)))|(((Η η)))|((
))|(((Βανδή – Vandí)))|(% rowspan="2" %)(% rowspan="2" %)(((ΗΥ, ηυ)))|(((**iv** (konsonanttien //β, γ, δ, ζ, λ, μ, ν, ρ// ja kaikkien vokaalien edellä))))|(((\\)))|(((**if** (konsonanttien θ///θ, κ, ξ, π, σ, τ, ф, χ, ψ// edellä ja sanan lopussa))))|(((\\)))|(((Θ θ)))|(((th)))|(((Θανάσης – Thanásis)))|(((Ι ι)))|((
))|(((Στέλιος – Stélios)))|(((Κ κ)))|(((k)))|(((Αλκαίος – Alkéos)))|(((Λ λ)))|(((l)))|(((Βενιζέλος – Venizélos)))|(((Μ μ)))|(((m)))|(((Μαρινέλλα – Marinélla, Τάμτα – Támta)))|(% rowspan="2" %)(% rowspan="2" %)(((MΠ, μπ)))|(((b (sanan alussa ja vierasperäisissä sanoissa myös sanan keskellä))))|(((Σωτηρία Μπέλλου – Sotiría Béllu)))|(((mb (sanan keskellä))))|(((Αµπατζή – Ambatsí)))|(((Ν ν)))|((
))|(((Αντώνιος – Antónios)))|(% rowspan="2" %)(% rowspan="2" %)(((NT, ντ)))|(((nd (sanan keskellä))))|(((Φαραντούρη – Farandúri)))|(((d (sanan alussa ja vierasperäisissä sanoissa))))|(((Νταλάρας – Daláras)))|(((Ξ ξ)))|(((ks)))|(((Αλεξίου – Aleksíu)))|(((Ο ο)))|(((o)))|(((Γιώργος – Jórgos)))|(((OΗ, οη)))|(((oi)))|(((\\)))|(((OI, οι)))|((
))|(((Δέσποινα – Déspina)))|(((OΪ, οï)))|(((oi)))|(((\\)))|(((OΥ, oυ)))|(((u)))|(((Αγγελίδου – Angelídu)))|(((Π π)))|(((p)))|(((Καποδίστριας – Kapodístrias)))|(((Ρ ρ)))|(((r)))|(((Ρουβάς - Ruvás)))|(((Σ σ ς)))|(((s)))|(((Σολωμός – Solomós)))|(((Τ τ)))|(((t)))|(((Τσιτσάνης – Tsitsánis)))|(((Υ υ)))|((
))|(((Φρυδά – Fridá)))|(((ΥI, υι)))|((
))|(((\\)))|(((Φ φ)))|(((f)))|((((% style="text-decoration: line-through;" %) (%%)Αφροδίτη – Afrodíti)))|(((Χ χ)))|(((h)))|(((Χάρις – Háris, Μούσχουρη - Múshuri)))|(((Ψ ψ)))|(((ps)))|(((Ψάλτης – Psáltis)))|(((Ω ω)))|(((o)))|(((Ιωάννης – Ioánnis)))Katso myös: [[http:~~/~~/www.kirjastot.fi/sites/default/files/content/Kreikka.pdf>>url:http://www.kirjastot.fi/sites/default/files/content/Kreikka.pdf||shape="rect"]]
Kiinan- ja japaninkielisten nimien transkribointi
Ei-eurooppalaisten kielten osalta, kuten kiinan-, korean- tai japaninkielisten nimien transkriboinnista voi tarvittaessa kysyä neuvoa ko. kielen asiantuntijoilta. Alla kuitenkin joitakin ohjeita.
__Kiinankieliset nimet__ transkriboidaan pinyin-järjestelmän mukaisesti, ks. esim. [[https:~~/~~/fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin>>url:https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin||shape="rect"]]. Esimerkki: 巴金 – Ba, Jin (Wade-Giles-järjestelmän mukainen transkription voi laittaa varianttinimeksi: Pa, Chin). Jos toonit (sävelkorot) ovat tiedossa, ne voidaan merkitä diakriiteillä seuraavasti: korkea tooni ā, nouseva tooni á, laskeva ja sitten nouseva tooni ǎ, laskeva tooni à. Lisätietoja kiinankielisistä nimistä: [[http:~~/~~/www.kielitoimistonohjepankki.fi/selaus/511/ohje/444>>url:http://www.kielitoimistonohjepankki.fi/selaus/511/ohje/444||shape="rect"]].__Japaninkieliset nimet__ transkriboidaan kansainvälisesti yleisimmin käytetyn Hepburn-järjestelmän uudistetun version mukaisesti (engl. modified / revised Hepburn, jap. shūsei Hebon-shiki). Hepburnin eri versioissa mm. pitkät vokaalit merkitään eri tavoin; esimerkkejä ja lisätietoja, ks. esim. [[https:~~/~~/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_romanization>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_romanization||shape="rect"]], [[https:~~/~~/www.sljfaq.org/afaq/hepburn.html>>url:https://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/hepburn.html||shape="rect"]].\\Esimerkit (sulkeissa olevia nimenmuotoja voi laittaa varianttinimiksi):森鷗外 – Mori, Ōgai (Mori, Ogai / Mori, Ougai / Mori, Oogai)大岡昇平 – Ōoka, Shōhei (Ooka, Shohei)石井遊佳 – Ishii, Yūka (Ishi, Yuka)谷崎 潤一郎 – Tanizaki, Jun'ichirō (Tanizaki, Junichiro)吉川英治 – Yoshikawa, Eiji (Josikawa, Eidzi)\\Lisätietoja japaninkielisistä nimistä: [[http:~~/~~/www.kielitoimistonohjepankki.fi/selaus/511/ohje/633>>url:http://www.kielitoimistonohjepankki.fi/selaus/511/ohje/633||shape="rect"]].