Users of data should start at AVAA SmartSMEAR.
Some of the tables contain data availability column that indicates the location of end-user data:
- "AVAA" = SmartSMEAR
- "PI" = contact the responsible researcher
- other = folder on smear disk (accessible in UH network)
Consult atm-data for further details.
ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS
QUANTITY | LOCATION | TIME RESOLUTION | METHOD | TEMPORAL COVERAGE |
| Particle size distribution (1- 3 nm; at 35 m height) | TOWER (35 m) | 1 s | Particle Size Magnifier (PSM) | 4/2014 - 8/2023 |
| Particle size distribution (1- 3 nm; at 2 m height) | CONTAINER | 1 s | Particle Size Magnifier (PSM) | 4/2014 - |
| Particle size distribution (1- 3 nm; at 2 m height) | CONTAINER | 1 s | Particle Size Magnifier (PSM) | 4/2014 - |
| Clusters composition and concentration (1.5 m) | CONTAINER | 1 s | High-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CI-API-TOF) | 8/2016 - |
| Clusters composition and concentration ( at 35 m) | TOWER (35 m) | 1 s | High-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CI-API-TOF) | 4/2014 - |
| Air ion mobility distribution (0.93-3.9 nm; at 2 m height) | HITU-HUT | 10 min | Air Ion Spectrometer (AIS) | 21/3/2003 - 11/4/2004, 11/8/2004-29/1/2008 (transferred to a new cabin at 8/10/2004) |
| Air ion mobility distribution (0.4-7.5 nm; 2 m) | REA-HUT | 10 min | Balanced Scanning Mobility Analyzer (BSMA) | 23/3/2003 - |
| Mobility distribution of ions (0.8-42 nm) and size distribution of aerosol particles (2-42 nm) | TOWER (35 m) | 1 min | Neutral Cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS) | 23/3/2009 - |
| Mobility distribution of ions (0.8-42 nm) and size distribution of aerosol particles (2-42 nm) at 2 m height | HITU-HUT | 1 min | Neutral Cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS) | 6/3/2009 - |
| Air ion mobility distribution (0.4-7.5 nm) | TOWER (18 m) | 2 min | Symmetric Inclined Grid Mobility Analyzer (SIGMA) | 2/3/2011 - 27/03/2012 |
| Aerosol particle number size distribution (3 - 1000 nm) | TOWER (35 m) | 10 min | Twin Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) with Condensation Particle Counters | 3/2014 - 3/2022 |
| Aerosol particle number size distribution (3-1000 nm; 8 m) | HITU-HUT | 10 min | Twin Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) with Condensation Particle Counters | 1996 - |
| Aerosol particle number size distribution (10 - 1000 nm) and size distribution of positive and negative ions | CONTAINER | Differential Mobility Particle Sizer with Condensation Particle Counter (Bipolar Hauke DMPS) | 11/2020 - 9/2021 | |
| Aerosol particle number size distribution (1 - 1000 nm) and size distribution of positive and negative ions | CONTAINER | Differential Mobility Particle Sizer with Condensation Particle Counter, Particle Size Magnifier and electrometer (Bipolar Halfmini DMPS) | 11/2020 - 9/2021 | |
| Aerodynamic particle size distribution (0.5- 20 µm; 5 m) | HITU-HUT | 10 min | Aerodynamic particle sizer APS TSI 3320 | spring 2004 - |
| Aerodynamic particle size distribution (0.5- 15 µm; 5 m) | HITU-HUT | 5 min | UV-Aerodynamic particle sizer, TSI 3314 | 28/8/2009 - 14/4/2011 |
| Size classified mass collection, Impactor (0- 10 µm; 5 m) | HITU-HUT | 3 days | DEKATI PM10 impactor > 10 um, 10 - 2.5 um, 2.5 - 1 um, < 1 um particle sizes | 11/2/1999 - 10/10/2000 (with three stage impactor) 10/10/2000 - (with modified four stage impactor) |
| Aerodynamic size distribution, electrical impactor (30 nm - 10 µm; 5 m) | HITU-HUT | 1 min | 0.03 - 10 um particle sizes, 12 channels, ELPI Dekati | 5/2005 - 27/10/2016 |
| Aerosol particle scattering coefficient (5 m) | HITU-HUT | 10 min | Nephelometer, TSI 3563 | 1/6/2006 - |
| Number of particles able to form into cloud droplets (8 m) | HITU-HUT | 1 sec | ClouD Condensation Nuclei Counter (CCN-100) | 7/2007 - |
| Charged and non-charged particles (5 m) | HITU-HUT | 36 sec | IoniDMPS, TSI 3025A | 15/3/2005 - 12/10/2010 |
| Hygroscopicity (5 m) | HITU-HUT | 5 min | HTDMA, TSI 3785 | 4/2008 - autumn 2009 |
| Particle volatility (8 m) | HITU-HUT | 20 min | Twin Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) with Condensation Particle Counters and oven | 28/2/2007 - 4/2022 |
| PM10 Particle mass concentration (5 m) | HITU-HUT | 1 min | Thermo Scientific 5030 SHARP Monitor | 6/2011 - |
| Particle concentration (5 m) | HITU-HUT | 1 sec | Aerodyne Research CAPS PMex Monitor | 5/1/2012 - 5/9/2016 |
| Black Carbon particle mass concentration (5 m) | HITU-HUT | 1 min | Thermo Electron CARUSSO / MAAP 5012 Black Carbon Monitor | 1/11/2012 - |
| Particle absorption coefficient (5 m) | HITU-HUT | 1 min | Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) | 12/10/2011 - 10/3/2016 |
| Light absorption by particles (5 m) | HITU-HUT | Continuous Light Absorption Photometer (CLAP) | 01/2018 - | |
| Black carbon mass concentration (5 m) | HITU-HUT | 10 min | Magee Scientific Company Aethalometer | 8/12/2004 - 27/2/2018 |
| Magee Scientific Aethalometer AE33-7 | 12/3/2018 - | |||
| Aerosol optical depth | TOWER (35 m) | Cimel CE-318 sunphotometer | 2/2008 - | |
| Chemical composition (3 m) | CONTAINER | 30 min | ACSM | 14/11/2012 - |
| Chemical composition (3 m) | CONTAINER | 4 hours | OCEC | 9/2009 - 10/2019 |
| Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) sampler | PHOTO1-TOWER (17 m) | Sampling twice a week with Tenax tubes | ? - 2007 | |
| Burkard bio aerosol sampler | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 2 hour (with microscope) | Continuous sampling, during March - September (impactor) | 12/9/2002 - 30/9/2011 |
| EMEP, Nitrogen & Sulphur compounds (2 m) | HITU-HUT | 3 days | 3-fraction filter sampler | ? - 12/2010 |
| PM10, PAH (2 m) | HITU-HUT | 1 day | MCZ Micro-PNS-S7 filter sampler | 27/10/2008 - 28/2/2011 |
| HITU-HUT | 2 days | MCZ Micro-PNS-S7 filter sampler | 28/2/2011 - 31/3/2015 | |
| FMI-CONTAINER | 2 days | MCZ Micro-PNS-S7 filter sampler | 31/3/2015 - | |
| PM10 Heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) | FMI-CONTAINER | 7 days | MCZ Micro-PNS-S7 filter sampler | 2017 - |
| PM10 Main ions (SO2-S, SO4-S, (HNO3+NO3)-N, (NH3+NH4)-N, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl) | FMI-CONTAINER | 7 days | 3-stage EMEP filter sampler | 2017 - |
FOREST ECOPHYSIOLOGY AND PRODUCTIVITY
| QUANTITY | LOCATION | TIME RESOLUTION | METHOD | TEMPORAL COVERAGE | DATA AVAILABILITY |
| Fluorescence of the canopy | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 1 sec | 2 * Ocean Optics USB2000+ Spectrometers (up and down) | 3/2010- 10/11/2015 | PI |
| Clorophyll fluorescence (and PAR) of pine needles from several points (up to 6) | PHOTO1-TOWER (17 m) | 1 sec - 10 min | Walz MONI-HEAD/485 | 3/2007- | PI |
| Clorophyll fluorescence (and PAR) of pine needles from several points (up to 6) | PHOTO2-TOWER (18 m) | 1 sec - 10 min | Walz MONI-HEAD/485 | 5/2018- | PI |
| Clorophyll fluorescence (and PAR) of pine needles from several points (up to 6) | PHOTO3-TOWER | 1 sec - 10 min | Walz MONI-HEAD/485 | 6/2021- | PI |
| Exchange of gases (CO2, H2O, VOC, NO, NOx, O3) by shoots (various heights) | PHOTO1-TOWER (17 m) | 15-30 min | Closing cuvettes, teflon tubes and gas analyzers | 1997, VOC since 2005 Ended in 2015 | AVAA (API), Photo |
| Exchange of gases (CO2, H2O, VOC, NO, NOx, O3) by shoots (various heights) inc. T and PAR | PHOTO2-TOWER (18 m) | 15-30 min | Closing cuvettes, teflon tubes and gas analyzers | 2014 - NO/NOx 2014 - 1/2015 O3 2014 - 6/2016 | Photo |
| Exchange of 12CO2, 13CO2 and H2O by shoots and stems (various levels) | PHOTO2-TOWER (18 m) | 15-30 min | Closing cuvettes, teflon tubes and Isotopic Carbon Dioxide Analyzer | 6/2017-3/2021 | Photo |
| Exchange of gases (CO2, H2O, VOC) by stems (various levels) inc. T and PAR | PHOTO1-TOWER (17m) | 30 min | Steady state cuvettes, teflon tubes and gas analyzers | 2001-, VOC 2013- | Photo |
| Exchange of gases (CO2, H2O, VOC) by stems (various levels) inc. T and PAR | PHOTO2-TOWER (18 m) | 30 min | Steady state cuvettes, teflon tubes and gas analyzers | 2014- | Photo |
| Stem temperature (various levels) | PHOTO1-TOWER (17 m) | 1 min | Thermoelement | Not anymore | PI |
| Stem temperature (various levels) | PHOTO2-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Thermoelement | 2017- | PI |
| Stem temperature (treebox 1, various levels) | PHOTO2-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Pt100 | 12/2019- | |
| Stem temperature (treeboxes 2-4, various levels) | PHOTO3-TOWER | 1 min | Pt100 | 12/2019- | |
| Stem temperature (treeboxes 5-9, various levels) | FOREST | 1 min | Pt100 | 12/2019- | |
| Sap pressure | PHOTO2-TOWER (18 m) | Pressure transducer | 2016- | PI | |
| Sapflow (various levels) | PHOTO1-TOWER (17 m) | 1 min | Thermal dissipation probes (Granier method) | 15/7/1997- | Tree_dynamics |
| Sapflow (various levels) | PHOTO2-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Thermal dissipation probes (Granier method) | AVAA (API) | |
| Sapflow (various levels, treebox 1) | PHOTO2-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Thermal dissipation probes (Granier method) | 12/2019- | |
| Sapflow (various levels, treeboxes 2-4) | PHOTO3-TOWER | 1 min | Thermal dissipation probes (Granier method) | 12/2019- | |
| Sapflow (various levels, treeboxes 5-9) | FOREST | 1 min | Thermal dissipation probes (Granier method) | 12/2019- | |
| Diameter change (various levels) | PHOTO1-TOWER (17 m) | 1 min | Linear displacement transducer (Solartron) | 30/5/2001- | PI |
| Diameter change (various levels) | PHOTO2-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Linear displacement transducer (Solartron) | PI | |
| Diameter change (various levels, treebox 1) | PHOTO2-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Linear displacement transducer (Solartron) | 12/2019- | |
| Diameter change (various levels, treeboxes 2-4) | PHOTO3-TOWER | 1 min | Linear displacement transducer (Solartron) | 12/2019- | |
| Diameter change (various levels, treeboxes 5-9) | FOREST | 1 min | Linear displacement transducer (Solartron) | 12/2019- | |
| Circumference change (various levels) | PHOTO1-TOWER (17 m) | ELPA sensor | Not anymore | - | |
| Shoot and needle growth (various levels) | PHOTO1-TOWER (17 m) | Potentiometric sensor (KFIRAOS) | Not anymore | - | |
| Stem diameter change of 7 pines | FOREST | 15 min | Online band dendrometers | 29/4/2010- 5/11/2014 | database_EU |
| Stem circumference change of 6 pines and 3 spruces | ICOS CP | 1 second | EMS Brno DR26 band dendrometers | 12/2022- | |
| Branch litter collectors | FOREST | 1 year | On the ground | 7/1996- | ancillary_ecosystem |
| Litter collection | FOREST | 30 days | Litter collectors | 6/1996- | ancillary_ecosystem |
| Litter collection | ICOS CP | 14 / 30 days | Litter collectors | 11/2018- | ICOS data portal |
| Ground vegetation gas exchange | CATCHMENT | 30 min-3 h | Closing cuvettes, see Forest floor fluxes | ||
| Ground vegetation 12 CO2, 13CO2 and H2O exchange | CATCHMENT | 30 min-3 h | Closing cuvettes and Isotopic Carbon Dioxide Analyzer | 6/2017-3/2021 | |
| Reflection spectrum of pine needles (at 15 m height) | PHOTO1-TOWER (17 m) | ASD FieldSpec HH spectrometer | Not anymore, terminated at autumn 2004 | PI | |
| Photochemical reflectance index (31 m height) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | 2 x Skye SKR 1800 (in and out) | 11/2009- | AVAA |
| Photochemical reflectance index (35 m height) | TOWER (35 m) | 5 min | 5 x Decagon SRS (2 x in and 3 x out) | 3/2015 - 10/2016 | decagon |
| Normalized difference vegetation index (31 m height) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | 2 x Skye SKR 1800 (in and out) | 11/2009- | AVAA |
| Normalized difference vegetation index (35 m height) | TOWER (35 m) | 5 min | 5 x Decagon SRS (2 x in and 3 x out) | 3/2015 - 10/2016 | decagon |
| Root growth | Catchment | 1 day | 1-5 Epson perfection scanners | 2017- | |
| Shoot length growth | PHOTO-TOWERS | 3 x / week | Manual measurement | 2002 - (during growing season) | |
| Needle length growth | PHOTO-TOWERS | 3 x / week | Manual measurement | 2002 - (during growing season) | |
| Tree height | Catchment | 1 year | Manual measurement (Vertex) | ||
| Tree diameter | Catchment | 1 year | Manual measurement (tree caliper) | ||
| Foliage nutrients | ICOS CP | 1/2 year | Needle sampling | 2018, 2021 | ICOS data portal |
Foliage leaf mass / area ratio | ICOS CP | 1/2 year | Needle sampling | 2018, 2021 | ICOS data portal |
| Leaf Area Index | ICOS CP | 3 per growing season | Digital hemispherical photograps | 2018- | ICOS data portal |
| Fine woody litter | ICOS CP | 1 year | Sample collection from 1 m2 plots (one per CP) | 2019 | ICOS data portal |
| Coarse woody litter | ICOS CP | 1 year | Measurement from 3 25,24 m lines per CP | 2019 | ICOS data portal |
| Surface vegetation | ICOS CP | 1 year | Sample collection from 5 0,0625 m2 plots per CP | 2019 | ICOS data portal |
| Understorey | ICOS CP | 1 year | Measurement from 5 1 m2 plots per CP | 2019 | ICOS data portal |
SOIL AND WATER BALANCE
| QUANTITY | LOCATION | TIME RESOLUTION | METHOD | TEMPORAL COVERAGE | DATA AVAILABILITY |
| Snow collectors (winter) | CATCHMENT | 14 days | Bucket collectors + chemical analysis | 1/1997 - | Snow |
| Snow depth (winter) | CATCHMENT | 7 days | Manual measurement at seven locations | 1/1997 - | AVAA |
| Snow water content (winter) | CATCHMENT | 14 days | Manual measurement at seven locations | winter 2004 - | Snow |
| Snow depth | FIELD | 1 min | Jenoptik SHM30 optical snow depth sensor, FMI | 1/2014 - | AVAA |
| Water collectors | CATCHMENT | 14 days | Chutes and canisters + chemical analysis | 1997 - | |
| Water collectors | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 14 days | Bucket collectors + chemical analysis | 1997 - 2017 | ancillary_ecosystem |
| TOWER (35 m) | 14 days | Bucket collectors + chemical analysis | 2017 - | ||
| Stemflow (summer) | CATCHMENT | Sampling with bottles | Terminated at spring 2001, started again at summer 2003, terminated at 2008 | ||
| Soil temperature (depths of 0-1.6 m) | CATCHMENT | 15 min | Thermistor (Philips) | 1997 - | AVAA |
| Soil temperature (depths of 0-0.75 m) | ICOS PLOTS | 1 min | Delta-T ST4 at four locations and 5-6 depths | 8/2017 - | AVAA |
| Soil water potential (depths of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1, 1.3, 1.6 m) | CATCHMENT | 15 min | Tensiometer (Transinstruments) | 1/1997- 2012 | |
| Soil matric potential (depths of 0.05-0.5 m) | CATCHMENT | 15 min | Delta-T-Devices EQ2 Equitensiometer | 16/6/2005 - | AVAA |
| Soil water content (depths of 0-1.6 m) | CATCHMENT | 30 min | Time domain reflectometer (Tektronix) | 9/5/1997 - 12/2004 | AVAA |
| Soil water content (depths of 0-1.6 m) | CATCHMENT | 30 min | Time domain reflectometer (Campbell TDR 100) | 1/2005 - 5/2021 | AVAA |
| Soil water content (depths of 0-0.75 m) | ICOS PLOTS | 1 min | Delta-T ML3 at four locations and 4-5 depths | 8/2017 - | AVAA |
| Soil solution (depths of 0-1.6 m) | CATCHMENT | 30 days | Lysimeters (Prenart Equipment), + chemical analysis | 5/1997- | ancillary_ecosystem |
| Amount of CO2, CH4 and N2O (seven depths) | CATCHMENT | Sampling with subsequent analysis | Not during summer 2002 ? Terminated. | ancillary_ecosystem | |
| Heat capacity and conductivity (0.8 m) | CATCHMENT | 6 h | Stainless steel sonde | 23/11/1999 - 18/2/2008 | |
| Outflow from the area | CATCHMENT | 1 min | Flowmeters in two dams, + chemical analysis | 7/6/1997 - | AVAA |
| CO2 concentration in the ground (four depths) | CATCHMENT | 1 min | Vaisala Carbocap GMP343 | 9/6/2004 - 14/6/2017 | |
| CO2, 13CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the ground (four depths) | CATCHMENT | 7 min | Picarro G1101-i laser spectrometer | 8/2014 - 10/2019 | Picarroc13 |
| Soil CO2, N2O and CH4 exchange (MASA) | CATCHMENT | 1 day | Closing cuvette (1 hour closures), automatic sampling to vials | 8/2006 - 9/2015 (not during winters) | Soil_dynamics |
| Soil moisture (depths: humus, 10, 25, 50 cm; MASA) | CATCHMENT | 5 sec | Theta-probes | 1/2/2007 - | AVAA |
| Temperature (depths: humus, 10, 25, 50 cm; MASA) | CATCHMENT | 5 sec | Termocouples | 20/10/2006 - | AVAA |
| Forest floor CO2 and VOC fluxes | CATCHMENT | 3 h | Closing cuvettes, teflon tubes and gas analyzers | 1997 - 2020 | Photo |
| Forest floor CO2 fluxes | CATCHMENT | 30 min | Closing cuvettes, Vaisala GMP343 CO2 analyzers | Spring 2007 - 12/2020 | Soil_dynamics |
| Forest floor CO2, CH4 and H2O fluxes | CATCHMENT | 1 h | Closing transparent chambers at six locations and Picarro G1301 gas analyzer (HASC chambers) | 2/2021 - | |
| Forest floor CO2 and H2O fluxes | ICOS PLOTS | 1 h | Closing chambers at six locations and Vaisala GMP343 CO2 analyzers (ICOS chambers) | 10/2022 - | |
| Forest floor CO2 fluxes | CATCHMENT | 14 - 30 days | Manual chamber measurements at 12-16 locations and Vaisala GMP343 CO2 analyzer | ||
| Forest floor CH4 and N2O fluxes | CATCHMENT | 14 - 30 days | Manual chamber measurements at six locations, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) | ||
| Soil heat flux | CATCHMENT | 1 min | Hukseflux HFP01 heat plates at four locations | 2005 - 2017 | AVAA |
| Soil heat flux | ICOS PLOTS | 1 min | Hukseflux HFP01 heat plates at four locations | 8/2017 - | AVAA |
| Soil water content | CATCHMENT | 15 min | StyX Neutronica Black Puppet SP Cosmic Ray Neutron Detector, model series StX-145-X-X, with 5 detector tubes & thermal neutron shield | 6/2022 | |
| Soil water content, wet spot | FOREST | 15 min | StyX Neutronica Black Puppet SP Cosmic Ray Neutron Detector, model series StX-145-X-X, with 5 detector tubes & thermal neutron shield, located at 200 m from mast to east | 7/2022 |
METEOROLOGY
| QUANTITY | LOCATION | TIME RESOLUTION | METHOD | TEMPORAL COVERAGE |
| Temperature (4.2, 8.4, 16.8, 33.6, 50.4 and 67.2 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Ventilated and shielded sensor (Pt-100) | 1996- |
| Temperature and RH profile (27, 21.6, 16.7, 12.5, 8.8, 5.8, 3.3, 1.5, 0.4 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 s | Rotronic HygroClip (HC2-S3C03-PT15) | 10/2018- |
| Temperature (16.8 m) | MAST (127 m) | Rotronic RS12T / RS24T, HygroMet MP102H-530300, HygroClip2 (HC2-S) | 9/2012 - 8/2017 | |
| MAST (127 m) | Rotronic RS12T / RS24T, HygroMet MP102H-530300, HygroClip2 (HC2-S3) | 24/8/2017- | ||
| Temperature (67.2 m) | MAST (127 m) | Rotronic RS24T, HygroMet MP102H-530300, HygroClip2 (HC2-S) | 9/2012 - 9/2017 | |
| MAST (127 m) | Rotronic RS24T, HygroMet MP102H-530300, HygroClip2 (HC2A-S3) | 26/9/2017- | ||
| Temperature (125 m) | MAST (127 m) | Rotronic RS12T / RS24T, HygroMet MP102H-530300, HygroClip2 (HC2-S) | 9/2012- | |
| Air temperature (1.5 m) | FIELD | 10 s | Pt 100 resistance, Vaisala dewpoint transmitter | 1/2018 - |
| Air humidity (1.5 m) | FIELD | 10 s | Vaisala dewpoint transmitter | 1/2018 - |
| Wind speed (4.2, 8.4, 16.8, 33.6, 50.4 and 67.2 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Vector A101M/L cup anemometer | 1996 - 4/9/2003 |
| Wind speed (33.6 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Vector A101M/L cup anemometer | 5/9/2003 - 2013 |
| Wind direction (16.8, 33.6 and 50.4 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Vector W200P wind vane | 1996 - 4/9/2003 |
| Wind speed and direction (8.4, 16.8, 33.6 and 74.0 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Thies Ultrasonic Anemometer 2D | 5/9/2003- 11/7/2011 |
| Wind speed and direction (8.4, 16.8, 33.6 and 67.2 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Thies Ultrasonic Anemometer 2D | 11/07/2011 - 11/2015? |
| Wind speed and direction (8.4, 16.8 and 33.6 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Thies Ultrasonic Anemometer 2D | 11/2015 - |
| Wind speed and direction (67.2 m) | MAST (127 m) | 0.1 s | Metek uSonic -3 Anemometer | 11/2015- |
| Wind speed and direction (125 m) | MAST (127 m) | 0.1 s | Metek uSonic -3 Anemometer | 10/2015- |
| Wind speed and direction (1.5 m) | FIELD | 0.1 s | Gill 3D sonic anemometer | 1/2014 - |
| Wind speed and direction (3 m) | FIELD | 1 s | Vaisala 2D sonic anemometer | 12/2017- |
| Dew point temperature (23 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | chilled mirror dew point monitor | 4/1998 |
| General Eastern Hygro E4 | 4/1998 - 10/2010 | |||
| Ambient pressure (0 m, 180 m asl) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Druck DPI 260 barometer | 1996- |
| Ambient pressure (30 m, 210 m asl) | MAST (127 m) | 10 sec | Vaisala PTB210 barometer | 9/2015- |
| Ambient pressure (2 m, 145 m asl) | FIELD | 1 min | Metallic aneroid capsule capacitance, Vaisala PA-11, FMI | 11/2017- |
| Dew point temperature (16 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | chilled mirror dew point monitor | 7/2011 |
| EdgeTech Model 200M Meteorological System | 7/2011 - 1/2017 | |||
| Dew point temperature (35 m) | TOWER (35 m) | 1 min | EdgeTech Model 200M Meteorological System | 14/2/2017- |
| Relative humidity (16 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | HYgroclip2 probe | 6/2012- 17/1/17 |
| Relative humidity (35 m) | TOWER (35 m) | Hygroclip2 probe | 14/2/2017- | |
| Relative humidity and temperature (16 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | Rotronic humidity and temperature sensor MP102H | 6/2012- 17/1/2017 | |
| Relative humidity and temperature (35 m) | TOWER (35 m) | 5 sec | Rotronic humidity and temperature sensor MP102H | 14/2/2017- |
| Rain (18 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 15 min (1 min) | Vector ARG-100 tipping bucket rain gauge | 8/1996- 1/2017 |
| Rain (35 m) | TOWER (35 m) | 1 sec | Vector ARG-100 tipping bucket rain gauge | 3/7/2018- |
| Surface Wetness Sensor (18 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 15 min (1 min) | Vaisala DRD 11-A raindetector | 8/1996- 1/2017 |
| Visibility, precipitation, temperature (35 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Vaisala FD12P Weather sensor | 5/4/2005-17/9/2019 |
| TOWER (35 m) | 1 min | Vaisala FD12P Weather sensor | 17/9/2019- | |
| Rain (2 m) | CATCHMENT | 1 min | Vector ARG-100 tipping bucket rain gauge | 7/6/1997- |
| Total precipitation (intensity and accumulation) (1.5 m) | FIELD | 1 min | Bucket weighing, OTT Pluvio2, 400 sq.cm, Tretyakov added with surrounding Alter wind shield, NASA | 12/2013- |
| Total precipitation (intensity and accumulation) (4 m) | FIELD | 1 min | Bucket weighing, OTT Pluvio2, 200 sq.cm, Tretyakov wind shield, inside DFIR, NASA | 12/2013- |
| Surface precipitation, particle size distribution (4 m) | FIELD | 1 min | Optical distrometer, Ott Parsivel2, FMI (2 instruments) | 12/2013- |
| FIELD | 1 min | 2D video distrometer (particle video imaging), Joanneum research, FMI | 1/2014- | |
| Surface precipitation, particle size and shape (1 m) | FIELD | 1 min | Particle video imaging, PIP, NASA | 12/2013- |
| Surface precipitation, particle size and shape (2 m) | FIELD | 1 min | Particle holographic imaging, SAKU III, University of Oulu | 3/2016- 6/2020 |
| Vertical profile of rain (0.5 m) | FIELD | 10 s | Microwave backscatter, FM-CW K-band radar, Metek MRR-2 | 12/2013- 9/2019 |
| Vertical profile of hydrometeors (1 m) | FIELD | 3 s (adjustable) | Microwave backscatter, pulsed polarimetric Ka-band cloud radar, Metek MIRA 36, FMI | 10/2016- |
| FIELD | 3 s (adjustable) | Microwave backscatter, FM-CW polarimetric W-band cloud radar, RPG FMCW-94 | 10/2017- | |
| Vertical profile of hydrometeors (5 m) | FIELD | 3 s (adjustable) | Microwave backscatter, pulsed polarimetric C-band cloud radar, EEC WSR-81C + Vaisala AMR | 9/2016- |
| Vertical profile of temperature and humidity (1 m) | FIELD | 100 s (adjustable) | Microwave and thermal infrared radiometry, RPG HATPRO | 3/2018- |
| Wind velocity profile | ROOF | Sound Detection and Ranging | 3/2000?- 11/2008 | |
| Cloud height | ROOF | 16 sec | Halo Photonics Streamline Lidar | 14/09/2006 - 12/2021 |
| TOWER (35 m) | 16 sec | Halo Photonics Streamline Lidar | 12/2021 - | |
| Cloud height | HITU-HUT (platform) | 16 sec | Ceilometer | 2002-9/2021 |
| FIELD | 16 sec ? | Ceilometer | 9/2021- | |
| Boundary layer height, vertical wind profile, depolarization ratio profile | ROOF | Halo Photonics Streamline Lidar | 1/1/2013 - 12/2021 | |
| TOWER (35 m) | Halo Photonics Streamline Lidar | 12/2021 - |
SOLAR AND TERRESTRIAL RADIATION
| QUANTITY | Location | Time resolution | METHOD | TEMPORAL COVERAGE |
| Solar radiation spectrum (280 - 580 nm wavelength) | A-BUILDING ROOF | 30 min | Bentham radiospectrometer | 14/2/2003 - 8/2020 |
| UV-A (18 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Solar SL 501A pyranometer, range 320 - 400 nm | 1996- 14/2/2017 |
| UV-A (37 m) | TOWER (35 m) | <1 min | Solar SL 501A pyranometer, range 320 - 400 nm | 14/2/2017- |
| UV-B (18 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Solar SL 501A pyranometer, range 280 - 320 nm | 1996- 14/2/2017 |
| UV-B (37 m) | TOWER (35 m) | <1 min | Solar SL 501A pyranometer, range 280 - 320 nm | 14/2/2017- |
| Global shortwave radiation (18 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Reemann TP 3 pyranometer, range 300 - 4800 nm | 1996- 15/6/2008 |
| Global shortwave radiation (37 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Middleton solar SK08 pyranometer | 15/6/2008 - 14/2/2017 |
| TOWER (35 m) | 1 min | Middleton solar SK08 pyranometer | 14/2/2017- 24/8/2017 | |
| TOWER (35 m) | <1 min | Middleton solar EQ08-S pyranometer | 25/8/2017- | |
| Global shortwave radiation (125 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Middleton SK08 pyranometer, range 300 - 4800 nm | 20/09/2011-19/12/2017 |
| Diffuse shortwave radiation | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Reemann TP 3 pyranometer with shading ring, range 300 - 4800 nm | 15/3/2000- 18/3/2010 |
| Reflected global radiation (70 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Reemann TP 3 pyranometer, range 300 - 4800 nm | ?- 20/09/2011 |
| Incoming and reflected global radiation (70 m) | MAST (127 m) | <1 min | Kipp & Zonen CNR4 net radiometer | 5/10/2017- |
| Reflected global radiation (125 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Middleton SK08 pyranometer, range 300 - 4800 nm | 20/09/2011- |
| PAR, total (37 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Li-Cor LI -190SZ quantum sensor, range 400 - 700 nm | 1996- 14/2/2017 |
| TOWER (35 m) | 1 min | Li-Cor LI -190SZ quantum sensor, range 400 - 700 nm | 14/2/2017- | |
| TOWER (35 m) | <1 min | LI-Cor LI-190SL | 14/2/2017- | |
| RAD-TOWER (18 m) | <1 min | Delta T Sunshine Sensor BF5 | 15/11/2014- 14/2/2017 | |
| TOWER (35 m) | <1 min | Delta T Sunshine Sensor BF5 | 14/2/2017- | |
| Diffuse PAR (37 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 1 min | Delta T Sunshine Sensor BF3 | 12/2009 - 11/2014 |
| RAD-TOWER (18 m) | <1 min | Delta T Sunshine Sensor BF5 | 15/11/2014- 14/2/2017 | |
| TOWER (35 m) | <1 min | Delta T Sunshine Sensor BF5 | 14/2/2017- | |
| Reflected PAR (70 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Li-Cor LI -190SZ quantum sensor, range 400 - 700 nm | 9/1996 - 9/2017 |
| MAST (127 m) | <1 min | LI-190/R | 29/9/2017- | |
| Longwave (thermal infrared) radiation in and out (33 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Kipp & Zonen CNR1 | 11/2009- |
| Longwave (thermal infrared) radiation in and out (70 m) | MAST (127 m) | <1 min | Kipp & Zonen CNR4 | 10/2017- |
| Net radiation (70 m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Reemann MB 1 net radiometer | ?- 20/09/2011 |
| MAST (127 m) | 1 min | Kipp & Zonen NRLite2 net radiometer | 6/2014 - 9/2017 | |
| Direct sun radiance | TOWER (35 m) | Cimel sun photometer | 7/2/2008- | |
| Land surface/canopy temperature | TOWER (35 m) | Two thermal infrared radiometers (LAW-1) | 8/2021 - | |
| PAR below canopy (0.7 m) | FOREST | 10 sec | 4x Li-Cor LI -190SZ quantum sensors on the stationary boom | 1/11/2003-, 'maapar' |
| PAR below canopy (0.7 m) | FOREST | 15 sec | 15 x Apogee SQ-100 sensors | 24/6/2010-28/5/2019, 'canpar' |
| PAR below canopy | ICOS PLOTS | 1 sec | Li-Cor Li-190 at 4 plots, 4 sensors per plot, at 0.5 m height | 10/2018-4/2023 |
| 1 sec | Li-Cor Li-190 at 4 plots, 5 sensors per plot, at 1.3 m height | 4&5/2023 - | ||
| Net radiation below canopy | FOREST | 10 sec | 2 x Reeman MB-1 net radiometers | 1/11/2003- 201x |
| PAR distribution within the canopy (8.3, 8.9, 9.5, 10.1, 10.7 m) | FOREST | 10 sec | 168 PAR sensors attached to a separate mast | summers of 1998-2000, 'valoharava' |
| PAR distribution below the canopy (0.7 m) | FOREST | 10 sec | PAR sensors on the portable booms | summer 2004, ' valoharava' |
AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS
| QUANTITY | LOCATION | TIME RESOLUTION | METHOD | TEMPORAL COVERAGE |
| CO2, H2O and CH4 concentration (16.8, 67.2 and 125m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min @ 6 min interval | Synflex sample lines and Picarro G1301 CRDS | February 2012 - October 2014 |
| CO2, H2O, CH4 and CO concentration (16.8, 67.2 and 125m) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min @ 6 min interval | Synflex sample lines and Picarro G2401 CRDS | October 2014 - |
| O3 concentration (eight heights) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min @ 6 min interval | Teflon sample lines, one gas analyser (UV absorbtion) | January 1996 - |
| MAST (127 m) | TEI 49 | January 1996 - May 2004 | ||
| MAST (127 m) | TEI 49C | May 2004 - | ||
| SO2 concentration (eight heights) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min @ 6 min interval | Teflon sample lines, one gas analyser (UV fluorescence) | January 1996 - |
| MAST (127 m) | TEI 43BS | 1996 - January 2004 | ||
| MAST (127 m) | TEI 43CTL | January 2004 - September 2010 | ||
| MAST (127 m) | TEI 43i-TLE | September 2010 - | ||
| NO & NOx concentration (eight heights) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min @ 6 min interval | Teflon sample lines, one gas analyser (chemiluminescence + NO2 to NO converter) | January 1996 - |
| MAST (127 m) | TEI 42S with molybdenum converter | 1996 - August 1996 | ||
| MAST (127 m) | TEI 42CTL with molybdenum converter | August 1996 - February 2007 | ||
| MAST (127 m) | TEI 42CTL with photolytic converter | March 2007 - April 2011 | ||
| MAST (127 m) | TEI 42iTL with photolytic converter | May 2011 - | ||
| H2O concentration (eight heights) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min @ 6 min interval | Teflon sample lines, one gas analyser (infra red absorbtion) | Janury 1996 - December 2017 |
| MAST (127 m) | URAS 4 | January 1996 - September 2011 | ||
| MAST (127 m) | LI-840 | September 2011 - December 2017 | ||
| CO2 concentration (eight heights) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min @ 6 min interval | Teflon sample lines, one gas analyser (infra red absorbtion) | January 1996 - December 2017 |
| MAST (127 m) | URAS 4 | January 1996 - May 2010 | ||
| MAST (127 m) | LI-840 | June 2010 - December 2017 | ||
| CO concentration (eight heights) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min @ 6 min interval | Teflon sample lines, one gas analyser (infra red absorbtion) | June 2002 - |
| MAST (127 m) | Horiba APMA 360 | June 2002 - March 2010 | ||
| MAST (127 m) | API 300EU | March 2010 - January 2011 | ||
| MAST (127 m) | Horiba APMA 370 | February 2011 - January 2016 | ||
| MAST (127 m) | API 300EU | February 2016 - | ||
| VOC concentration (eight heights) | MAST (127 m) | 1 min @ 6 min interval | Ionicon Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer | since spring 2007 |
| VOC concentration | TOWER (35 m) | 1 s | Vocus Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (VOCUS-PTR-TOF) | 10/2021 - 4/2022 |
| Hg -monitor (2 m) | FMI-CONTAINER | 5 min | Tekran 2537X/A/B | 27/10/2008- |
| O3 -monitor (FMI; 2 m) | FMI-CONTAINER | TEI 49i | 2017 - | |
| NO/NO2- monitor (FMI; 2 m) | FMI-CONTAINER | TEI 42i-TL | 2017 - | |
| NH3 (2 m) | MAIN-HUT | 1 sec | Stockholm University Ammonia Instrument | 2/2007- 2010 |
| NH3 (2 m) | MAIN-HUT | IMS (Ion Mobility Spectrometer) | 9/2007 - 11/2009 | |
| NO (one height) | TOWER (35 m) | 30 sec | Teflon sample line, length 2 m, chemiluminescence gas analyser | March 2016- |
| Ecophysics CLD 780TR | March 2016 -January 2020, November 2022 - | |||
| O3 analyser | TOWER (35 m) | 1 min | API 400 | June 2018- |
| NO2 (one height) | TOWER (35 m) | LGR | November 2022 - |
FLUXES
| QUANTITY | LOCATION | TIME RESOLUTION | METHOD | TEMPORAL COVERAGE |
| Flux of momentum and heat (Eddy Covariance ; 46 m) | MAST (127 m) | 30 min | Ultrasonic anemometer (Solent 1012R2) | 2/1998- 26/6/2000 |
| Flux of momentum and heat (Eddy Covariance ; 23 m) | MAST (127 m) | 30 min | High frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor 6262, infra red absorbtion) | 3/4/1996- 28/6/2002 |
| Flux of CO2 and H2O (Eddy Covariance; 46 m) | MAST (127 m) | 30 min | High frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor 6262, infra red absorbtion) | 2/1998- 26/6/2000 |
| Flux of CO2 and H2O (Eddy Covariance; 23 m) | MAST (127 m) | 30 min | High frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor 6262, infra red absorbtion) | 4/1996- 12/2018 |
| Total number concentration flux of aerosol particles (Eddy Covariance; 23 m) | MAST (127 m) | Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) | 3/1997-9/2019 | |
| Total number concentration flux of aerosol particles (Eddy Covariance; 23 m) | FLUX-TOWER (23 m) | Condensation Particle Counter (CPC 3750) | 12/2020- | |
| Flux of momentum and heat (Eddy Covariance; 18 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 30 min | Ultrasonic anemometer (Solent HS1199) | 8/2001-3/2019 |
| Flux of momentum and heat (Eddy Covariance; 23 m) | FLUX-TOWER (23 m) | Ultrasonic anemometer (Metek) | 4/2020- | |
| Flux of CO2 and H2O (Eddy Covariance; 18 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 30 min | High frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor 6262, infrared absorbtion) | 8/2001-3/2019 |
| Flux of CO2 and H2O (Eddy Covariance; 23 m) | FLUX-TOWER (23 m) | High frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor 7000, infrared absorbtion) | starts soon.. | |
| Flux of O3 (Eddy Covariance 18 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 30 min | High frequency gas analyser (LOZ-3, chemiluminescence) | 8/2001-9/2013 |
| Size segregating number concentration flux of aerosol particles | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | Relaxed Eddy Accumulation method (REA) + Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) | 11/10/2001 - 5/5/2009 | |
| Flux of momentum and heat (Eddy Covariance; 3/11 m) | MAST (3 m) | Ultrasonic anemometer (Solent 1012R2) | 1/8/2003- 29/9/2006. Sampling level changed from 3 m to 11 m 2/6/2005. | |
| Flux of CO2 and H2O (Eddy Covariance; 3/11 m) | MAST (3 m) | 30 min | High frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor 6262, infrared absorbtion) | ?- 6/2012 |
| Flux of CO2 and H2O (Eddy Covariance; 3 m) | MAST (3 m) | 30 min | High frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor 7000, infrared absorbtion) | 6/2012- 3/1/2015 |
| Flux of momentum and heat (Eddy Covariance; 3 m) | MAST (3 m) | 30 min | Ultrasonic anemometer (Metek) | ?- spring 2003 |
| Flux of momentum and heat (Eddy Covariance; 3 m) | MAST (3 m) | Ultrasonic anemometer (Metek) | 13/10/2003- 3/1/2015 | |
| Flux of CH4 and N2O (c. 3 m) | MAST (3 m) | TGA100 (infrared absorption, tunable diode laser) | Terminated at spring 2003. Started again 9/2007 - 11/2008 | |
| Flux of CH4 and H2O (Eddy Covariance; 18 m) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | Picarro G1301-f (cavity ringdown spectrometer) | 8/2016-7/2018 | |
| Flux of carbonyl sulfide (COS), CO2 and H2O (Eddy covariance) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 30 min | Aerodyne Mini QCL Monitor (quantum cascade laser spectrometer) | spring 2013- 31/8/2017 |
| Flux of carbonyl sulfide (COS) (Eddy covariance, 23 m) | FLUX-TOWER (23 m) | 30 min | Aerodyne QC-Tildas | 4/2020- |
| Flux of momentum and heat (Eddy Covariance ; 27 m) | MAST (127 m) | 30 min | Ultrasonic anemometer (Gill HS-50) | 3/2018- |
| Flux of CO2 and H2O (Eddy Covariance ; 27 m) | MAST (127 m) | 30 min | High frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor Li-7200) | 3/2018- |
| Storage change of CO2 and H2O | MAST (127 m) | 6 min | Picarro G1301-f (cavity ringdown spectrometer) with sequential sampling from 9 heights (27, 21.6, 16.7, 12.5, 8.8, 5.8, 3.3, 1.5, 0.4 m) | 9/2018- |
| Flux of momentum and heat (Sub-canopy Eddy Covariance ; 2.5 m) | MAST (3 m) | Sonic anemometer (Metek u-Sonic-3 Sci) | 8/2019- | |
| Flux of CO2 and H2O (Sub-canopy Eddy Covariance ; 2.5 m) | MAST (3 m) | High frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor Li-7200) | 8/2019- | |
| Flux of volatile organic compounds (35 m) | TOWER (35 m) | 1 s | Vocus Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (VOCUS-PTR-TOF) and Metek Anemometer | 4/2022 - |
RADIATION
| QUANTITY | LOCATION | TIME RESOLUTION | METHOD | TEMPORAL COVERAGE |
| Radon | HITU-HUT | 7 days | Continuous filter sampling, filters replaced weekly | 1994- 2/2015 |
| Radon -222 (6 m) | FMI-CONTAINER | 7 days | Continuous filter sampling, Geiger-Muller- counter | 11/2017- |
| Radon | HITU-HUT | 1 hour | 2011- (2015 ?) | |
| Radon | REA - HUT | 1 min | 12/2017 - 6/2021 | |
| Ambient radiation | HITU-HUT | 10 min | 12/2000-2015? | |
| Ambient radiation (gamma and cosmic radiation; 2 m) | FMI-CONTAINER | 10 min | Pressure ionization chamber | 2007- |
| Ambient radiation (gamma and cosmic radiation; 2 m) | FMI-CONTAINER | 10 min | Geiger-Muller -counter | 2013- |
| Ambient radiation (total gamma radiation 100-3000 keV; 1 m) | FMI-CONTAINER | 1 min | Nal(Tl) Scintillation detector | 2014- |
| Atmospheric electric field at the earth's surface | FIELD | 1 min | Campbell CS 110 Electric Field Meter Sensor | 6/2017- |
DEPOSITION
| QUANTITY | LOCATION | TIME RESOLUTION | METHOD | TEMPORAL COVERAGE |
| PAH | HITU-HUT | 30 days | deposition sampler | 11/2008- 3/2015 |
| FMI-CONTAINER | 30 days | deposition sampler | 3/2015-10/2016 | |
| FIELD | 30 days | deposition sampler | 10/2016- | |
| Hg | FMI-CONTAINER | 30 days | deposition sampler | 6/2009-10/2016 |
| FIELD | 30 days | deposition sampler | 10/2016- | |
| Main ions (pH, SJK, Cl, NO3-N, SO4-S, Na, K, Ca, Mg, NH4-N) | FIELD | 7 days | NILU-sampler | 2017- |
| Heavy metals, trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) | FIELD | 30 days | NILU-sampler | 2017- |
| Rain/Snow sampler (summer/winter) | RAD-TOWER (18 m) | 14 days | Sampling with bottles/buckets | 1997 - 2017 |
| TOWER (35 m) | 14 days | Sampling with bottles/buckets | 2017- |